• Wheels: 17" x 7" Aluminum
• Tires: P265/70R17 BSW AS
• Regular Box Style
• Center Hub
• Steel Spare Wheel
• Full-Size Spare Tire Stored Underbody w/Crankdown
• Black Side Windows Trim and Black Front Windshield Trim
• Black Door Handles
• Black Manual Side Mirrors w/Manual Folding
• Fixed Rear Window
• Light Tinted Glass
• Variable Intermittent Wipers
• Galvanized Steel/Aluminum Panels
• Active Grille Shutters
• Tailgate Rear Cargo Access
• Manual Tailgate/Rear Door Lock
• Auto On/Off Reflector Halogen Headlamps w/Delay-Off
• Cargo Lamp w/High Mount Stop Light
• Front Fog Lamps
• Vendor Painted Cargo Box Tracking
• Tip Start

• Radio: Uconnect 3 w/5" Display
• Radio w/Seek-Scan, Clock, Voice Activation, Radio Data System and External Memory Control
• 6 Speakers
• Streaming Audio
• Fixed Antenna
• Audio Input Jack for Mobile Devices
• 1 LCD Monitor In The Front

• 4-Way Driver Seat
• 4-Way Passenger Seat
• Manual Tilt Steering Column
• Front Cupholder
• Compass
• Cruise Control w/Steering Wheel Controls
• Manual Air Conditioning
• Glove Box
• Full Cloth Headliner
• Urethane Gear Shifter Material
• Interior Trim -inc: Deluxe Sound Insulation, Metal-Look Instrument Panel Insert and Chrome/Metal-Look Interior Accents
• Heavy Duty Vinyl 40/20/40 Split Bench Seat
• Day-Night Rearview Mirror
• Mini Overhead Console and 1 12V DC Power Outlet
• Fade-To-Off Interior Lighting
• Full Vinyl/Rubber Floor Covering
• Cab Mounted Cargo Lights
• GPS Antenna Input
• Remote USB Port
• Integrated Voice Command w/Bluetooth®
• Rotary Shifter-Black
• Electronic Shift
• Instrument Panel Bin, Dashboard Storage, Driver And Passenger Door Bins
• Delayed Accessory Power
• Manual 1st Row Windows
• Driver Information Center
• Outside Temp Gauge
• Analog Appearance
• Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints
• Seats w/Vinyl Back Material
• Manual Adjust Seats
• 40/20/40 Split Bench Seat
• Front Armrest w/3 Cupholders
• Sentry Key Immobilizer
• 1 12V DC Power Outlet
• Air Filtration

• Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
• ABS And Driveline Traction Control
• Side Impact Beams
• Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat-Mounted Side Airbags
• Tire Specific Low Tire Pressure Warning
• Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Front Airbags
• Curtain 1st Row Airbags
• Airbag Occupancy Sensor
• Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts -inc: Height Adjusters and Pretensioners
• ParkView Back-Up Camera

ELECTRONICS GROUP

• Google Android Auto
• SiriusXM Satellite Radio
• No Satellite Coverage HI/AK/PR/VI/GU
• USB Host Flip
• Media Hub (2 USB
• AUX)
• Integrated Center Stack Radio
• Rear View Auto Dim Mirror
• 4G LTE Wi-Fi Hot Spot
• SiriusXM Guardian - Included Trial (B)
• connected services/Telematics
• 1 Year Trial (Registration Required)
• Global Telematics Box Module (TBM)
• For Details Visit DriveUconnect.com
• Cluster 7.0" TFT Color Display
• Radio: Uconnect 5 w/8.4" Display
• 8.4" Touchscreen Display
• Apple CarPlay

QUICK ORDER PACKAGE 27J EXPRESS

• Engine: 5.7L V8 HEMI MDS VVT
• Transmission: 8-Speed Automatic (8HP70)
• Body Color Front Fascia
• Body Color Grille
• Body Color Rear Bumper w/Step Pads
• Ram 1500 Express

POWER & REMOTE ENTRY GROUP

• Exterior Mirrors w/Heating Element
• Power Windows w/Front 1-Touch Down
• Power Heated Fold-Away Mirrors
• Black Exterior Mirrors
• Premium Vinyl Door Trim w/Map Pocket
• Power Locks
• Remote Keyless Entry w/All-Secure

EXPRESS VALUE PACKAGE

• SiriusXM Radio Service
• SiriusXM Satellite Radio
• No Satellite Coverage HI/AK/PR/VI/GU
• Wheels: 20" x 8" Aluminum
• Tires: P275/60R20 BSW AS
• For More Info
• Call 800-643-2112
• Goodyear Brand Tires
• Carpet Floor Covering
• Front Floor Mats

EXPRESS BLACK ACCENT PACKAGE

• Tires: P275/60R20 OWL AS
• Black Exterior Truck Badging
• Black RAM Head Tailgate Badge
• Black Headlamp Bezels
• Wheels: 20" x 8" High Gloss Black Aluminum
• Goodyear Brand Tires
• Semi-Gloss Black Hub
• Body Color Grille w/Black RAM's Head

SIRIUSXM GUARDIAN - INCLUDED TRIAL (B)

• connected services/Telematics
• 1 Year Trial (Registration Required)
• Global Telematics Box Module (TBM)
• For Details Visit DriveUconnect.com

QUICK ORDER PACKAGE 29J EXPRESS

• Engine: 3.6L V6 24V VVT
• Transmission: 8-Speed Automatic (850RE)
• Body Color Front Fascia
• Body Color Grille
• Body Color Rear Bumper w/Step Pads
• Ram 1500 Express

• 20' X 8' Semi-Gloss Black Aluminum Wheels
• 3.92 Rear Axle Ratio
• 50 State Emissions
• Anti-Spin Differential Rear Axle
• Class IV Receiver Hitch
• Diesel Gray/Black
• Granite Crystal Met CC
• LED Bed Lighting
• Manufacturer's Statement of Origin
• MOPAR Front Rubber Floor Mats
• MOPAR Spray in Bedliner
• Rotary Shifter-Black
• Trailer Brake Control
• Tri-Fold Tonneau Cover
• Vendor Painted Cargo Box Tracking
• 5.7L V8 HEMI MDS VVT Engine
• 8-Speed Automatic Transmission
• Electronics Group
• Express Black Accent Package
• Express Value Package
• Power and Remote Entry Group
• Premium Cloth Bucket Seats
• Quick Order Package 27J Express
• Quick Order Package 29J Express
• SiriusXM Guardian - Included Trial (B)
• 12V power outlets 1 12V power outlet
• 20' X 8' Semi-Gloss Black Aluminum Wheels
• 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
• A/C
• ABS
• ABS Brakes 4-wheel antilock (ABS) brakes
• ABS Brakes Three channel ABS brakes
• Accessory power Retained accessory power
• Adjustable Steering Wheel
• Air conditioning Yes
• All-in-one key All-in-one remote fob and ignition key
• Alternator Type Alternator
• Aluminum Wheels
• AM/FM Stereo
• Antenna Fixed audio antenna
• Armrests front center Front seat center armrest
• Auto door locks Auto-locking doors
• Auto headlights Auto on/off headlight control
• Automatic Headlights
• Aux input jack Auxiliary input jack
• Auxiliary Audio Input
• Back-Up Camera
• Basic warranty 36 month/36,000 miles
• Battery type Lead acid battery
• Bed liner Spray-in pickup bed liner
• Bed-rail protectors Pickup bed-rail protectors
• Beverage holders Front beverage holders
• Bluetooth® Connection
• Body panels Galvanized steel/aluminum body panels with side impact beams
• Box style Standard style pickup box
• Brake Assist
• Brake assist system
• Brake type 4-wheel disc brakes
• Bumpers front Body-colored front bumper
• Bumpers rear Body-colored rear bumper
• Cab mounted cargo light
• Cabin air filter N95+Bio cabin air filter
• CARPET FLOOR COVERING -inc: Front Floor Mats
• Climate control Manual climate control
• Clock Digital clock
• Compass
• Conventional Spare Tire
• Corrosion perforation warranty 60 month/unlimited
• Cruise Control
• Cruise control Cruise control with steering wheel mounted controls
• Cylinder head material Aluminum cylinder head
• Day/Night rearview mirror
• Delay off headlights Delay-off headlights
• Deluxe sound insulation
• DIESEL GRAY/BLACK PREMIUM CLOTH BUCKET SEATS -inc: Power Lumbar Adjust 115V Auxiliary Power Outlet Bucket Seats Power 10-Way Driver Seat Full Length Upgraded Floor Console
• Door ajar warning
• Door bins front Driver and passenger door bins
• Door handle material Black door handles
• Door locks Power door locks with 2 stage unlocking
• Door mirror style Black door mirrors
• Door mirror type Standard style side mirrors
• Door mirrors Power door mirrors
• Door trim insert Vinyl door trim insert
• Drive type Rear-wheel drive
• Driver Air Bag
• Driver information center
• Driver lumbar Driver seat with 2-way power lumbar
• Driver seat direction Driver seat with 8-way directional controls
• Electronic stability control Electronic stability control system
• ELECTRONICS GROUP -inc: Google Android Auto SiriusXM Satellite Radio (subscription required) No Satellite Coverage HI/AK/PR/VI/GU USB Host Flip Media Hub (2 USB AUX) Integrated Center Stack Radio Rear View Auto Dim Mirror 4G LTE Wi-Fi Hot Spot SiriusXM Guardian - Included Trial (B) connected services/Telematics (subscription required) Global Telematics Box Module (subscription required) (TBM) For Details Visit DriveUconnect.com Cluster 7.0 TFT Color Display Radio: Uconnect 5 w/8.4 Display 8.4 Touchscreen Display Apple CarPlay
• Emergency SOS Capable SiriusXM Guardian vehicle integrated emergency SOS system
• Emissions LEV3-ULEV125 emissions
• Emissions tiers Tier 3 Bin 125 emissions
• Engine block material Iron engine block
• Engine Configuration HEMI V8
• Engine cooler Heavy-duty engine oil cooler
• Engine HEMI 5.7L V-8 variable valve control, regular unleaded, engine with cylinder deactivation and 395HP
• Engine hour meter
• Engine Location Front mounted engine
• Engine Mounting direction Longitudinal mounted engine
• Engine Short HEMI 5.7L V-8
• Engine temperature warning
• ENGINE: 5.7L V8 HEMI MDS VVT -inc: Electronically Controlled Throttle GVWR: 6 350 lbs Heavy Duty Engine Cooling Next Generation Engine Controller ParkSense Rear Park Assist System Dual Rear Exhaust w/Bright Tips Engine Oil Heat Exchanger Hemi Badge
• Engine/electric motor temperature gauge
• EXPRESS BLACK ACCENT PACKAGE -inc: Tires: P275/60R20 OWL AS Black Exterior Truck Badging Black RAM Head Tailgate Badge Black Headlamp Bezels Wheels: 20 x 8 High Gloss Black Aluminum Goodyear Brand Tires Semi-Gloss Black Hub Body Color Grille w/Black RAM's Head
• EXPRESS VALUE PACKAGE -inc: SiriusXM Radio Service SiriusXM Satellite Radio No Satellite Coverage HI/AK/PR/VI/GU Wheels: 20 x 8 Aluminum Tires: P275/60R20 BSW AS For More Info Call 800-643-2112 Goodyear Brand Tires Carpet Floor Covering Front Floor Mats
• External memory External memory control
• First-row windows Power first-row windows
• Floor console Full floor console
• Floor console storage Covered floor console storage
• Floor coverage Full floor coverage
• Floor covering Full carpet floor covering
• Fog Lamps
• Fog lights Front fog lights
• Folding door mirrors Manual folding door mirrors
• Front anti-roll Front anti-roll bar
• Front Head Air Bag
• Front head restraint control Manual front seat head restraint control
• Front head restraints Height adjustable front seat head restraints
• Front impact airbag driver Driver front impact airbag
• Front impact airbag passenger Passenger front impact airbag
• Front seat upholstery Premium cloth front seat upholstery
• Front seatback upholstery Vinyl front seatback upholstery
• Front Side Air Bag
• Front side impact airbag driver Seat mounted side impact driver airbag
• Front side impact airbag passenger Seat mounted side impact front passenger airbag
• Fuel Type Regular unleaded
• Gauge cluster display size (inches) Gauge cluster display size: 7.00
• Gearshifter material Urethane gear shifter material
• Glove box Standard glove box
• GRANITE CRYSTAL METALLIC CLEARCOAT
• Grille style Body-colored grille
• GVWR: 6 350 LBS
• Handsfree Bluetooth® handsfree wireless device connectivity
• Headlight type Reflector headlights
• Headlights Halogen headlights
• Headlights on reminder
• Headliner coverage Full headliner coverage
• Headliner material Cloth headliner material
• Heated door mirrors Heated driver and passenger side door mirrors
• Height adjustable seatbelts Front height adjustable seatbelts
• High mount stop light High mounted center stop light
• Hill start assist
• Ignition Spark ignition system
• Ignition type Mechanical
• Illuminated entry
• Immobilizer
• Immobilizer Sentry Key immobilizer
• In-box lighting LED in-box lighting
• Instrumentation display Analog instrumentation display
• Interior 120V AC power outlets 1 interior 120V AC power outlet
• Interior accents Chrome and metal-look interior accents
• Interior courtesy lights Fade interior courtesy lights
• Intermittent Wipers
• Internet access 4G LTE Wi-Fi Hot Spot mobile hotspot internet access
• Internet radio capability
• Key in vehicle warning
• Keyfob cargo controls Keyfob trunk control
• Keyfob keyless entry All-Secure keyfob keyless entry
• Limited slip differential Mechanical limited slip differential
• Lock-up transmission
• Low level warnings Low level warning for fuel, washer fluid and brake fluid
• Low tire pressure warning Tire specific low air pressure warning
• Manual passenger seat controls Passenger seat manual reclining and fore/aft control
• Mobile app access RAM App mobile app access
• MP3 Capability
• Multiple headlights Multiple enclosed headlights
• Number of airbags 6 airbags
• Number of beverage holders 4 beverage holders
• Number of doors 2 doors
• Number of first-row screens 2 total number of 1st row displays
• Occupancy sensor Airbag occupancy sensor
• Oil pressure gauge
• Oil temperature gauge
• One-touch down window Driver and passenger one-touch down windows
• Over the air updates
• Overdrive transmission
• Overhead airbags Curtain first-row overhead airbags
• Overhead console Mini overhead console
• Paint Metallic paint
• Panel insert Metal-look instrument panel insert
• Parking sensors ParkSense rear parking sensors
• Passenger Air Bag
• Passenger Air Bag Sensor
• Passenger seat direction Front passenger seat with 4-way directional controls
• POWER & REMOTE ENTRY GROUP -inc: Exterior Mirrors w/Heating Element Power Windows w/Front 1-Touch Down Power Heated Fold-Away Mirrors Black Exterior Mirrors Premium Vinyl Door Trim w/Map Pocket Power Locks Remote Keyless Entry w/All-Secure
• Power Steering
• Powertrain type ICE
• Powertrain warranty 60 month/60,000 miles
• Primary display size 8.4 inch primary display
• Primary display touchscreen Primary monitor touchscreen
• QUICK ORDER PACKAGE 27J EXPRESS -inc: Engine: 5.7L V8 HEMI MDS VVT Transmission: 8-Speed Automatic (8HP70) Body Color Front Fascia Body Color Grille Body Color Rear Bumper w/Step Pads Ram 1500 Express
• Radiator
• Radio AM/FM/SiriusXMsatellite
• RADIO: UCONNECT 5 W/8.4 DISPLAY
• RDS Radio data system (RDS)
• Rear anti-roll Rear anti-roll bar
• Rear bumper step
• Rear camera ParkView rear mounted camera
• Rear cargo door Tailgate
• Rear Springs Regular grade rear springs
• Rear Wheel Drive
• Rear windshield Fixed rear windshield
• Rearview mirror Auto-dimming rear view mirror
• Remote panic alarm
• Roadside warranty 60 month/60,000 miles
• Satellite trial 6 month satellite trial subscription
• Seatbelt pretensioners Front seatbelt pretensioners
• Seatbelt pretensioners number 2 seatbelt pre-tensioners
• Seating capacity 2
• Seek scan
• Selectable mode transmission Tow/Haul Mode selectable mode transmission
• Shock absorbers Heavy-duty gas-pressurized shock absorbers
• Shutters Active grille shutters
• SIRIUSXM GUARDIAN - INCLUDED TRIAL (B) -inc: connected services/Telematics (subscription required) Global Telematics Box Module (subscription required) (TBM) For Details Visit DriveUconnect.com
• SIRIUSXM SATELLITE RADIO -inc: No Satellite Coverage HI/AK/PR/VI/GU
• Smart device integration Apple CarPlay/Android Auto smart device mirroring
• Spare tire Full-size spare tire with steel wheel
• Spare tire location Crank-down spare tire
• Speakers number 6 speakers
• Speakers Standard grade speakers
• Special paint Monotone paint
• Speed sensitive volume
• Split front seats Bucket front seats
• Springs front Front coil springs
• Springs rear Rear coil springs
• Stability Control
• Steering Electric power-assist steering system
• Steering type Rack-pinion steering
• Steering wheel material Urethane steering wheel
• Steering wheel tilt Manual tilting steering wheel
• Suspension ride type front Independent front suspension
• Suspension ride type rear Rigid axle rear suspension
• Suspension Standard ride suspension
• Suspension type front Short and long arm front suspension
• Suspension type rear Multi-link rear suspension
• Tachometer
• Tailgate control Tailgate/power door lock
• Temperature display Exterior temperature display
• Tinted windows Light tinted windows
• Tire Pressure Monitor
• Tires P275/60SR20 AS OWL front and rear tires
• TIRES: P275/60R20 OWL AS
• Tonneau cover Soft tonneau cover
• Tow Hitch
• Towing brake controller Trailer brake controller
• Towing class Class IV tow rating
• Towing hitch Trailer hitch
• Towing trailer sway Trailer sway control
• Towing wiring harness Trailer wiring harness
• Traction Control
• Traction control All-speed ABS and driveline traction control
• Transmission electronic control
• Transmission fluid temperature warning Transmission fluid temp warning
• Transmission oil cooler
• Transmission temperature gauge Transmission fluid temperature gauge
• Transmission TorqueFlite 8-speed automatic
• Transmission Type Automatic
• TRANSMISSION: 8-SPEED AUTOMATIC (8HP70)
• Trip odometer
• Valet key
• Variable intake manifold
• Variable panel light Variable instrument panel light
• Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
• Ventilated brakes Front ventilated disc brakes
• Voice activated audio Voice activated audio controls
• Voltmeter
• Wheels 20 x 8-inch front and rear black aluminum wheels
• WHEELS: 20 X 8 SEMI-GLOSS BLACK ALUMINUM
• Window Trim Black side window trim
• Windshield trim Black windshield trim
• Wipers Variable intermittent front windshield wipers
• Wireless streaming Bluetooth® wireless audio streaming

• Mileage
• Fuel Economy Est-Combined (MPG): 17
• Fuel Economy Est-Combined (MPG): 20
• EPA Fuel Economy Est - City (MPG): 15
• EPA Fuel Economy Est - City (MPG): 17
• EPA Fuel Economy Est - Hwy (MPG): 21
• EPA Fuel Economy Est - Hwy (MPG): 25
• Electrical
• Cold Cranking Amps @ 0° F (Primary): 730
• Cold Cranking Amps @ 0° F (2nd): 730
• Maximum Alternator Capacity (amps): 160
• Weight Information
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4507
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4506
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4507
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4510
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4512
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4514
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4515
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4518
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4531
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4725
• Base Curb Weight (lbs): 4504
• Gross Axle Wt Rating - Front (lbs): 3700
• Gross Axle Wt Rating - Rear (lbs): 3900
• Curb Weight - Front (lbs): 2477
• Curb Weight - Rear (lbs): 2026
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Cap (lbs): 6350
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Cap (lbs): 6025
• Gross Combined Wt Rating (lbs): 14350
• Gross Combined Wt Rating (lbs): 13800
• Gross Combined Wt Rating (lbs): 9850
• Trailering
• Dead Weight Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. (lbs): 5000
• Dead Weight Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. (lbs): 4940
• Dead Weight Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. (lbs): 500
• Dead Weight Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. (lbs): 494
• Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. (lbs): 9200
• Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. (lbs): 8650
• Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Trailer Wt. (lbs): 4940
• Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. (lbs): 920
• Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. (lbs): 865
• Wt Distributing Hitch - Max Tongue Wt. (lbs): 494
• Maximum Trailering Capacity (lbs): 9200
• Maximum Trailering Capacity (lbs): 8650
• Maximum Trailering Capacity (lbs): 4940
• Suspension
• Suspension Type - Front: Short And Long Arm
• Suspension Type - Rear: Multi-Link
• Axle Type - Front: Independent
• Axle Type - Rear: Rigid Axle
• Axle Capacity - Front (lbs): 3700
• Axle Capacity - Rear (lbs): 3900
• Axle Ratio (:1) - Front: 3.92
• Axle Ratio (:1) - Front: 3.21
• Axle Ratio (:1) - Rear: 3.92
• Axle Ratio (:1) - Rear: 3.21
• Brakes
• Brake Type: 4-Wheel Disc
• Brake ABS System: 4-Wheel
• Brake ABS System (Second Line): 4-Wheel
• Disc - Front (Yes or ): Yes
• Disc - Rear (Yes or ): Yes
• Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness (in): 13.2
• Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness (in): 13.8
• Tires
• Front Tire Order Code: TUB
• Front Tire Order Code: TTM-A
• Rear Tire Order Code: TUB
• Rear Tire Order Code: TTM-A
• Front Tire Size: P275/60SR20
• Front Tire Size: P265/70SR17
• Rear Tire Size: P275/60SR20
• Rear Tire Size: P265/70SR17
• Spare Tire Size: Full-Size
• Front Tire Capacity (lbs): 4608
• Rear Tire Capacity (lbs): 4608
• Revolutions/Mile @ 45 mph - Front: 656
• Revolutions/Mile @ 45 mph - Rear: 656
• Wheels
• Front Wheel Size (in): 20 X 8
• Front Wheel Size (in): 17 X 7
• Rear Wheel Size (in): 20 X 8
• Rear Wheel Size (in): 17 X 7
• Spare Wheel Size (in): Full-Size
• Front Wheel Material: Aluminum
• Rear Wheel Material: Aluminum
• Spare Wheel Material: Steel
• Steering
• Steering Type: Rack-Pinion
• Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb (ft): 39.5
• Fuel Tank
• Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx (gal): 26
• Exterior Dimensions
• Wheelbase (in): 120
• Length, Overall (in): 209
• Width, Max w/o mirrors (in): 79.4
• Height, Overall (in): 74.6
• Overhang, Rear w/o bumper (in): 48.4
• Cab to Axle (in): 36.9
• Ground to Top of Load Floor (in): 34.8
• Ground Clearance, Front (in): 8.7
• Ground Clearance, Rear (in): 8.7
• Cargo Area Dimensions
• Cargo Box Length @ Floor (in): 76.3
• Cargo Box Width @ Top, Rear (in): 66.4
• Cargo Box Width @ Floor (in): 66.4
• Cargo Box Width @ Wheelhousings (in): 51
• Cargo Box (Area) Height (in): 20.1
• Tailgate Width (in): 60.4
• Cargo Volume (ft³): 57.5
• Interior Dimensions
• Passenger Capacity: 2
• Passenger Capacity: 3
• Front Head Room (in): 39.9
• Front Leg Room (in): 41
• Front Shoulder Room (in): 66
• Front Hip Room (in): 62.9
• Summary
• Vehicle Name: Ram 1500 Classic
• Body Style: Regular Cab
• Body Code: T
• Emissions
• Tons/yr of CO2 Emissions @ 15K mi/year: 10.4
• Tons/yr of CO2 Emissions @ 15K mi/year: 8.8